Input devices. Positioningof the target inspace.Navigationand manipulation ofinterfaces.Gesturalinterfaces. Output devices. Graphicaldisplays(monitors). Systemsfor sound.Hapticfeedback.Computer architectureforvirtual reality. Instructionalflowsduringrendering. The architecturefor graphics.The architecture ofworkstations.Distributed architecture. Modeling. Geometricmodeling. Formsof virtualobjects.The visualappearance ofobjects.Kinematicmodeling. Homogenizedtransformation matrix. Position ofobjects. Transformationinvariants.The hierarchiesof objects.View of the 3Dspace. Physicalmodeling. Detectionof contactandoverlap. Deformation ofthe planeand/orsurfaces.Calculation of forces. The operation offorces andmapping.Haptictexturesetting. Propermodeling. Modelmanagement. Programming. Set of tools andscenery. World Toolkit. Java3D.Open source software.People Shop. Human factors. The methodologyand terminology. Budget ofuserperformances. Security ofVRsystems and software. VRand society.Medicalapplications. Education, artand presentation.Militaryapplications. VRapplicationsin industrial production.Virtualprototypes. Programminga robot. Remote control ofrobots.Information visualization.